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| What is Cloves Stem Oil |
| Written by George Hills | |||
| Thursday, 12 March 2009 11:04 | |||
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There is probably a roughly even split between its quantitative use in these two industries.
There is probably a roughly even split between its quantitative use in these two industries. The demand for cloves in this sector increased substantially after the Second World War, but it has to some extent levelled out and is currently fairly stable although not perhaps to the extent that might have been expected, say, up to 1969. The clove spice is rarely used with more often being blended with other spices to form a base for sauce and pickle formulae. Thus the clove flavour cannot be said to be becoming more popular per se, and any future rises in industrial demand are likely to occur only as a result of an increase in end-product sales. The price statistics for clove stem oil are not available but sufficient information is available in the trade from which to construct a picture of the price trend. Until the onset of the recent shortage, beginning in 1968, stem oil prices were stable at between 1.30 and 1.90 per kilogramme, but then a rapid rise ensued and by the end of 1969 prices were between 2.20 and 3.05 per kilogramme. Close substitutes for the spice include the essential oils obtained from the leaves and flower stems of the clove tree, which are markedly cheaper. Distillation of clove buds to give a clove bud oil is not a large activity in comparison with the two end-uses already discussed. However, the nature of the bud-oil market differs to some extent according to the country under consideration. Clove stem oil, part of which is redistilled by the buyers and part used in the form in which it is imported, is used in the same industries as clove bud oil, namely the flavouring and perfumery outlets and mainly in the UK and USA. In flavouring, the stein oil is essentially a low-cost replacement for the more delicate and true-to-nature clove bud oil. Stem oil, which is guaranteed to contain not less than 90 per cent eugenol, was at one time quite widely used as a starting material for the isolation of eugenol, and indeed it is still used in this application to some extent, but for several years clove leaf oil has been the major raw material for this purpose. It seems clearthat the bulk of stem oil supplies finds its way to the perfumery industry. Large quantities have been used in the compounding of perfumes for soaps and detergents, not to mention the very many small demands in the fine-perfumery industry. Finally, it should be reiterated that if Indonesia were to attempt to become self-sufficient in cloves - this has been reported as a possible aim of current local production policies - the market for internationally traded cloves would decrease dramatically, may be by as much as 65 per cent, an immense potential threat to the Zanzibar and Malagasy growers. Whether such a situation will in fact be realized can only remain to be seen.
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